Kwishishini lezemigodi ngenkulungwane yama-21, akukho mbambano yokuba kuyimfuneko ukwakha imowudi entsha yobukrelekrele ukuqonda idijithali yezixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwemigodi, ubuhlakani bezixhobo zobugcisa, ukubonwa kolawulo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa, unxibelelwano lokuhanjiswa kolwazi. , kunye nolawulo lwemveliso yenzululwazi kunye nokwenza izigqibo.Ubukrelekrele bukwayindlela engenakuthintelwa yenguqu kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini lemigodi.
Okwangoku, imigodi yasekhaya ikwinqanaba lotshintsho ukusuka kwi-automation ukuya kubukrelekrele, kwaye imigodi egqwesileyo iyimodeli elungileyo yophuhliso!Namhlanje, makhe sijonge eminye imigodi ekrelekrele ebalaseleyo kwaye sitshintshiselane kwaye sifunde kunye nawe.
1. Umgodi wentsimbi waseKiruna, eSweden
IKiruna Iron Mine ikumantla eSweden, kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-200 nzulu kwiArctic Circle, kwaye yenye yezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zezimbiwa emhlabeni.Ngaxeshanye, iKiruna Iron Mine ngowona mgodi mkhulu ongaphantsi komhlaba emhlabeni kwaye ngowona mgodi wentsimbi kuphela omkhulu osetyenziswayo eYurophu.
I-Kiruna Iron Mine iye yaqaphela imigodi ekrelekrele engaphathwanga.Ukongeza kubasebenzi bolondolozo kwindawo esebenza phantsi komhlaba, akukho phantse abanye abasebenzi.Phantse yonke imisebenzi igqityezelwa yinkqubo yolawulo ephakathi kwekhompyuter ekude, kwaye inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo liphezulu kakhulu.
Ubukrelekrele boMgodi wentsimbi waseKiruna buxhamla ikakhulu kusetyenziso lwezixhobo ezinkulu zoomatshini, inkqubo yolawulo olukude ekrelekrele kunye nenkqubo yolawulo yale mihla.Iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo nezikrelekrele zasemgodini kunye nezixhobo zingundoqo wokuqinisekisa ukumbiwa kwemigodi ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
1) Ukutsalwa kokuphonononga:
I-Kiruna Iron Mine ithatha i-shaft+ramp yokuhlola ngokudibeneyo.Kukho iishafti ezintathu emgodini, ezisetyenziselwa ukuphefumla, intsimbi ekrwada kunye nokuphakamisa inkunkuma yamatye.Abasebenzi, izixhobo kunye nemathiriyeli zithuthwa ubukhulu becala ukusuka kwindawo ethambekileyo ngezixhobo ezingenamkhondo.Eyona shaft yokunyusela ibekwe kwindawo yonyawo lomzimba wentsimbi.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubuso bokumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nenkqubo yothutho ephambili iye yehla ngamaxesha angama-6, kwaye inqanaba elikhoyo lokuthutha eliphambili li-1045m.
2) Ukugrumba kunye nokuqhushumba:
Ijumbo yokugrumba ilitye isetyenziselwa ukomba wendlela, kwaye ijumbo ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokulinganisa sombane esinamacala amathathu, esinokuqonda indawo echanekileyo yokomba.I-simbaw469 elawulwa kude yokomba ijumbo eveliswe yiNkampani ye-Atlas eSweden isetyenziselwa ukugrumba amatye kwindawo yokumisa.Ilori isebenzisa isixokelelwano selaser ukuze ibekwe ngendlela echanekileyo, ingenamntu, kwaye inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo iiyure ezingama-24.
3) Ukulayishwa kwentsimbi ekrwada ekude kunye nokuthuthwa kunye nokunyuswa:
KwiMigodi ye-Iron yaseKiruna, imisebenzi ehlakaniphile kunye nezenzekelayo iye yaqondwa ngokugrumba amatye, ukulayishwa kunye nokunyuswa kwisitopu, kunye ne-jumbos yokubhoboza engaqhubi kunye ne-scrapers ziye zaqatshelwa.
I-Toro2500E i-remote control scraper eyenziwa nguSandvik isetyenziselwa ukulayisha i-ore, kunye nokusebenza okukodwa kwe-500t / h.Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeenkqubo zothutho eziphantsi komhlaba: uthutho lwebhanti kunye nothutho lukaloliwe oluzenzekelayo.Uthutho olulandelwayo oluzenzekelayo ngokubanzi luqulunqwe ngee-tramcars ezi-8.I-tramcar yilori yokulahla i-othomathikhi ephantsi yokulayisha ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokukhulula.I-belt conveyor ihambisa ngokuzenzekelayo i-ore ukusuka kwisikhululo sokutyumza ukuya kwisixhobo sokulinganisa iimitha, kwaye igqibezela ukulayishwa kunye nokukhulula nge-shaft skip.Yonke le nkqubo ilawulwa kude.
4) Ulawulo olukude lwekhonkrithi yenkxaso yetekhnoloji kunye nokuqinisa itekhnoloji:
Indlela yendlela ixhaswa yinkxaso edibeneyo ye-shotcrete, i-anchorage kunye ne-mesh, egqitywe ngesitshizi sekhonkrithi esilawulwa kude.Intonga ye-anchor kunye nokuqinisa i-mesh ifakwe yi-trolley ye-anchor rod.
2. "IMigodi yekamva" kaRio Tinto
Ukuba iKiruna Iron Mine imele ukuphuculwa okukrelekrele kwemigodi yemveli, isicwangciso se "Future Mine" esasungulwa nguRio Tinto ngo-2008 siya kukhokela ukhokelo lophuhliso olukrelekrele lwemigodi yentsimbi kwixesha elizayo.
IPilbara, le yindawo ebomvu emdaka egqunywe ngumhlwa, kwaye ikwayeyona ndawo idumileyo yemveliso yentsimbi emhlabeni.IRio Tinto inebhongo ngemigodi yayo eli-15 apha.Kodwa kwesi siza sikhulu semigodi, unokuva ukugquma koomatshini bobunjineli, kodwa bambalwa abasebenzi abanokubonwa.
Baphi abasebenzi baseRio Tinto?Impendulo yi-1500 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kumbindi wedolophu yasePerth.
Kumbindi wolawulo olukude weRio Tinto Pace, isikrini esikhulu neside phezulu sibonisa inkqubela yenkqubo yothutho lwentsimbi phakathi kwemigodi eyi-15, izibuko ezi-4 kunye noololiwe abangama-24 – ngowuphi uloliwe olayisha (uthulula) intsimbi ekrwada, kwaye ixesha elide kangakanani. iya kuthatha ukugqiba ukulayisha (ukukhulula);Ngowuphi uloliwe oqhubayo, kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufika kwizibuko;Leliphi izibuko elilayishwayo, zingaphi iitoni ezilayishiweyo, njl., zonke zinomboniso wexesha lokwenyani.
Icandelo lentsimbi ekrwada laseRio Tinto lisebenzise eyona nkqubo inkulu yehlabathi yokungakwazi ukuqhuba.Iinqwelo zokuthutha ezizenzekelayo ezibandakanya iilori ze-73 zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezintathu zemigodi ePilbara.Inkqubo yelori ezizenzekelayo icuthe iindleko zokulayisha nezothutho zaseRio Tinto nge-15%.
IRio Tinto inololiwe wayo kunye noololiwe abakrelekrele eNtshona Ostreliya, abangaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-1700 ubude.Aba loliwe bangama-24 basebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku phantsi kolawulo olukude lweziko lolawulo olukude.Okwangoku, inkqubo kaloliwe yeRio Tinto iyalungiswa.Nje ukuba inkqubo kaloliwe ezenzekelayo isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo, iya kuba yeyokuqala yehlabathi esebenza ngokuzeleyo, inkqubo yothutho lomgama omde wothutho lukaloliwe.
Ezi ore zentsimbi zilayishwa kwiinqanawa ngokuthunyelwa kweziko lolawulo olukude kwaye zifike eZhanjiang, eShanghai nakwamanye amazibuko eTshayina.Kamva, inokuthuthwa isiwe eQingdao, eTangshan, eDalian nakwamanye amazibuko, okanye isuka eShanghai Port ecaleni koMlambo iYangtze ukuya kumaphandle aseTshayina.
3. Shougang Digital Mine
Lilonke, ukudityaniswa kwemigodi kunye namashishini esinyithi (industrialization kunye ne-informatization) kwinqanaba eliphantsi, lisemva kakhulu kwamanye amashishini asekhaya.Nangona kunjalo, ngengqwalasela eqhubekayo kunye nenkxaso karhulumente, ukuthandwa kwezixhobo zoyilo lwedijithali kunye nesantya solawulo lwamanani lokuhamba kwenkqubo engundoqo kwamanye amashishini amakhulu kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi kwemigodi yasekhaya iye yaphuculwa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye inqanaba ubukrelekrele nabo buyanda.
Ukuthatha uShougang njengomzekelo, uShougang wakhe umgodi wedijithali uwonke wesakhelo samanqanaba amane ngokuthe nkqo kunye neebhloko ezine ngokuthe tye, ekufanele ukuba kufundwe kuzo.
Imimandla emine: inkqubo ye-GIS yolwazi lwejografi, inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ye-MES, inkqubo yolawulo lwezixhobo zeshishini le-ERP, inkqubo yolwazi ye-OA.
Amanqanaba amane: idijithali yezixhobo ezisisiseko, inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nesicwangciso sobutyebi beshishini.
Ukwembiwa kwemigodi:
(1) Ukuqokelela idatha yedijithali ye-3D yendawo yejoloji, kunye nemephu epheleleyo ye-3D yediphozithi yentsimbi, umphezulu kunye nokwakheka komhlaba.
(2) Inkqubo yokubeka iliso eguquguqukayo ye-GPS isekwe ukujonga ithambeka rhoqo, ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuwa ngequbuliso, ukudilika komhlaba kunye nezinye iintlekele zejoloji.
(3) Inkqubo yokuthumela ngokuzenzekelayo ye-tramcar: yenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukucwangciswa kokuhamba kwesithuthi, ukwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwesithuthi, ukusabalalisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuhamba kwesithuthi, kunye nokufezekisa umgama omfutshane wokuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphantsi.Le nkqubo yeyokuqala e-China, kwaye impumelelo yayo yobugcisa ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe.
Uncedo:
Inkqubo yokujonga inkqubo yeConcentrator: iliso malunga ne-150 yeeparameters zenkqubo efana neendlebe zombane ze-mill mill, ukuphuphuma kwegrader, ukugxininiswa kokusila, i-concentrator magnetic field, njl., ukusebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuvelisa kunye neemeko zezixhobo, kunye nokuphucula ixesha kunye nesayensi yomyalelo wemveliso.
4. Iingxaki kwimigodi yasekhaya ekrelekrele
Okwangoku, amashishini amakhulu asekhaya emigodi ye-metallurgical asebenzise iinkqubo zolawulo kunye nolawulo kuzo zonke iinkalo zolawulo nolawulo, kodwa inqanaba lokudibanisa lisephantsi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iphulwe kwinyathelo elilandelayo loshishino lwemigodi yesinyithi.Ukongeza, kukho ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:
1. Amashishini akanikeli ngqalelo ngokwaneleyo.Emva kokuphunyezwa kwe-automation eyisiseko, kaninzi akwanelanga ukufaka ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwedijithali kamva.
2. Utyalo-mali olunganelanga kulwazi.Bephenjelelwa yimalike kunye nezinye izinto, amashishini akakwazi ukuqinisekisa utyalo-mali oluqhubekayo noluzinzileyo lolwazi, olukhokelela kwinkqubela phambili ecothayo yeprojekthi yomanyano yoshishino kunye noshishino.
3. Kukho ukunqongophala kweetalente ezisekelwe kulwazi.Ulwakhiwo lolwazi lubandakanya unxibelelwano lwangoku, ukuva kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezinye iindawo zobungcali, kwaye iimfuno zetalente kunye namandla obugcisa ziya kuba phezulu kakhulu kuneli nqanaba.Okwangoku, amandla obugcisa kwimigodi emininzi eTshayina anqabile.
Le yimigodi emithathu ekrelekrele eyaziswa kuwe.Basemva eTshayina, kodwa banamandla amakhulu ophuhliso.Okwangoku, uMgodi weSimbi weSishanling usakhiwa ngobukrelekrele, iimfuno eziphezulu kunye nemigangatho ephezulu, kwaye siya kulinda kwaye sibone.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-15-2022